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JEL Classification for Linked Open Data

The Journal of Economic Literature Classification Scheme (JEL) was created and is maintained by the American Economic Association. The AEA provides this widely used resource freely for scholarly purposes.

The JEL dataset (as of 2021-02) is mirrored here to mint preliminary identifiers for semantic web applications and to publish the translations from the original (English) version to German, French and Spanish which were created by André Davids, K.U. Leuven. This site and especially the translations are not authorized by AEA.

Detailed guidance about the use of individual classes is provided in the JEL Classification Codes Guide.

 

  • A - General Economics and Teaching
    • A1 - General Economics
      • A10 - General Economics: General
      • A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
      • A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
      • A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
      • A14 - Sociology of Economics
      • A19 - General Economics: Other
    • A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics
      • A20 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: General
      • A21 - Pre-college
      • A22 - Undergraduate
      • A23 - Graduate
      • A29 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Other
    • A3 - Multisubject Collective Works
      • A30 - Multisubject Collective Works: General
      • A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
      • A32 - Volumes
      • A33 - Handbooks
      • A39 - Multisubject Collective Works: Other
  • B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
    • -
      • B00 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches: General
    • B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
      • B10 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: General
      • B11 - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
      • B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
      • B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian)
      • B14 - Socialist; Marxist
      • B15 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
      • B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
      • B17 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: International trade and finance
      • B19 - History of Economic Thought through 1925: Other
    • B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
      • B20 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: General
      • B21 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Microeconomics
      • B22 - Macroeconomics
      • B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical
      • B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
      • B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian; Stockholm School
      • B26 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Financial Economics
      • B27 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: International trade and finance
      • B29 - History of Economic Thought since 1925: Other
    • B3 - History of Thought: Individuals
      • B30 - History of Thought: Individuals: General
      • B31 - Individuals
      • B32 - Obituaries
    • B4 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches: Economic Methodology
      • B40 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches: General
      • B41 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches: Economic Methodology
      • B49 - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches: Other
    • B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
      • B50 - Current Heterodox Approaches: General
      • B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
      • B52 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
      • B53 - Austrian
      • B54 - Feminist Economics
      • B59 - Current Heterodox Approaches: Other
  • C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
    • -
      • C00 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General
      • C01 - Econometrics
      • C02 - Mathematical Methods
    • C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
      • C10 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General: General
      • C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
      • C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
      • C13 - Estimation: General
      • C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
      • C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
      • C18 - Methodological Issues: General
      • C19 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General: Other
    • C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
      • C20 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General
      • C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
      • C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion processes
      • C23 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models
      • C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models
      • C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
      • C26 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
      • C29 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other
    • C3 - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
      • C30 - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: General
      • C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
      • C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
      • C33 - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models
      • C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
      • C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
      • C36 - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
      • C38 - Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
      • C39 - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Other
    • C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
      • C40 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General
      • C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
      • C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
      • C44 - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory
      • C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
      • C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
      • C49 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other
    • C5 - Econometric Modeling
      • C50 - Econometric Modeling: General
      • C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
      • C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
      • C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods
      • C54 - Quantitative Policy Modelling
      • C55 - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis
      • C57 - Econometrics of Games and Auctions
      • C58 - Financial Econometrics
      • C59 - Econometric Modeling: Other
    • C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
      • C60 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: General
      • C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
      • C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
      • C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
      • C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
      • C67 - Input-Output Models
      • C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
      • C69 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: Other
    • C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
      • C70 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General
      • C71 - Cooperative Games
      • C72 - Noncooperative Games
      • C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
      • C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
      • C79 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other
    • C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
      • C80 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General
      • C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Analysis
      • C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Analysis
      • C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
      • C87 - Econometric Software
      • C88 - Other Computer Software
      • C89 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other
    • C9 - Design of Experiments
      • C90 - Design of Experiments: General
      • C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
      • C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
      • C93 - Field Experiments
      • C99 - Design of Experiments: Other
  • D - Microeconomics
    • -
      • D00 - Microeconomics: General
      • D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
      • D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations and Impact
      • D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
      • D10 - Household Behavior and Family Economics: General
      • D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
      • D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
      • D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
      • D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance
      • D15 - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
      • D16 - Collaborative Consumption
      • D18 - Consumer Protection
      • D19 - Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other
    • D2 - Production and Organizations
      • D20 - Production and Organizations: General
      • D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
      • D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
      • D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
      • D24 - Production; Cost; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
      • D25 - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing
      • D26 - Crowd-Based Firms
      • D29 - Production and Organizations: Other
    • D3 - Distribution
      • D30 - Distribution: General
      • D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
      • D33 - Factor Income Distribution
      • D39 - Distribution: Other
    • D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
      • D40 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: General
      • D41 - Perfect Competition
      • D42 - Monopoly
      • D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
      • D44 - Auctions
      • D45 - Rationing; Licensing
      • D46 - Value Theory
      • D47 - Market Design
      • D49 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Other
    • D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
      • D50 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General
      • D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
      • D52 - Incomplete Markets
      • D53 - Financial Markets
      • D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
      • D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
      • D59 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other
    • D6 - Welfare Economics
      • D60 - Welfare Economics: General
      • D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
      • D62 - Externalities
      • D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
      • D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
      • D69 - Welfare Economics: Other
    • D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
      • D70 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General
      • D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
      • D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
      • D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
      • D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
      • D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
      • D79 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other
    • D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
      • D80 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General
      • D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
      • D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
      • D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
      • D84 - Expectations; Speculations
      • D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
      • D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
      • D87 - Neuroeconomics
      • D89 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: Other
    • D9 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics
      • D90 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: General
      • D91 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
  • E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
    • -
      • E00 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General
      • E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
      • E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • E1 - General Aggregative Models
      • E10 - General Aggregative Models: General
      • E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Kaleckian
      • E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
      • E13 - Neoclassical
      • E14 - Austrian; Evolutionary; Institutional
      • E16 - Social Accounting Matrix
      • E17 - General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Application
      • E19 - General Aggregative Models: Other
    • E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy
      • E20 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: General
      • E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
      • E22 - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
      • E23 - Production
      • E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
      • E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
      • E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
      • E27 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Application
      • E29 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: Other
    • E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
      • E30 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General
      • E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
      • E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
      • E37 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Application
      • E39 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other
    • E4 - Money and Interest Rates
      • E40 - Money and Interest Rates: General
      • E41 - Demand for Money
      • E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
      • E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
      • E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
      • E47 - Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Application
      • E49 - Money and Interest Rates: Other
    • E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
      • E50 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General
      • E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
      • E52 - Monetary Policy
      • E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
      • E59 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other
    • E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
      • E60 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General
      • E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
      • E62 - Fiscal Policy
      • E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
      • E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
      • E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
      • E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
      • E69 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other
    • E7 - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics
      • E70 - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: General
      • E71 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy
  • F - International Economics
    • -
      • F00 - International Economics: General
      • F01 - Global Outlook
      • F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
    • F1 - Trade
      • F10 - Trade: General
      • F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
      • F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
      • F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
      • F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
      • F15 - Economic Integration
      • F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
      • F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
      • F18 - Trade and Environment
      • F19 - Trade: Other
    • F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
      • F20 - International Factor Movements and International Business: General
      • F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
      • F22 - International Migration
      • F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
      • F24 - Remittances
      • F29 - International Factor Movements and International Business: Other
    • F3 - International Finance
      • F30 - International Finance: General
      • F31 - Foreign Exchange
      • F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
      • F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
      • F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
      • F35 - Foreign Aid
      • F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
      • F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Application
      • F38 - International Financial Policy: Financial Transactions Tax; Capital Controls
      • F39 - International Finance: Other
    • F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
      • F40 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General
      • F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
      • F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
      • F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
      • F44 - International Business Cycles
      • F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
      • F47 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Application
      • F49 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other
    • F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
      • F50 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy: General
      • F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
      • F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
      • F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
      • F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
      • F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
      • F59 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy: Other
    • F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
      • F60 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: General
      • F61 - Microeconomic Impacts
      • F62 - Macroeconomic Impacts
      • F63 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Economic Development
      • F64 - Environment
      • F65 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Finance
      • F66 - Labor
      • F68 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Policy
      • F69 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: Other
  • G - Financial Economics
    • -
      • G00 - Financial Economics: General
      • G01 - Financial Crises
    • G1 - General Financial Markets
      • G10 - General Financial Markets: General
      • G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
      • G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
      • G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
      • G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
      • G15 - International Financial Markets
      • G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
      • G18 - General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation
      • G19 - General Financial Markets: Other
    • G2 - Financial Institutions and Services
      • G20 - Financial Institutions and Services: General
      • G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
      • G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
      • G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
      • G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
      • G28 - Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation
      • G29 - Financial Institutions and Services: Other
    • G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance
      • G30 - Corporate Finance and Governance: General
      • G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity
      • G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
      • G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
      • G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
      • G35 - Payout Policy
      • G38 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation
      • G39 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Other
    • G4 - Behavioral Finance
      • G40 - Behavioral Finance: General
      • G41 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
    • G5 - Household Finance
      • G50 - Household Finance: General
      • G51 - Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
      • G52 - Insurance
      • G53 - Financial Literacy
      • G59 - Household Finance: Other
  • H - Public Economics
    • -
      • H00 - Public Economics: General
    • H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
      • H10 - Structure and Scope of Government: General
      • H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
      • H12 - Crisis Management
      • H13 - Economics of Eminent Domain; Expropriation; Nationalization
      • H19 - Structure and Scope of Government: Other
    • H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
      • H20 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
      • H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
      • H22 - Incidence
      • H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
      • H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
      • H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
      • H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
      • H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
      • H29 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: Other
    • H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
      • H30 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General
      • H31 - Household
      • H32 - Firm
      • H39 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other
    • H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
      • H40 - Publicly Provided Goods: General
      • H41 - Public Goods
      • H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
      • H43 - Project evaluation; Social Discount Rate
      • H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
      • H49 - Publicly Provided Goods: Other
    • H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
      • H50 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General
      • H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
      • H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
      • H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
      • H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
      • H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
      • H56 - National Security and War
      • H57 - Procurement
      • H59 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other
    • H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
      • H60 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General
      • H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
      • H62 - Deficit; Surplus
      • H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
      • H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
      • H69 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other
    • H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
      • H70 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General
      • H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
      • H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
      • H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
      • H74 - State and Local Borrowing
      • H75 - State and Local Government: Health, Education, Welfare , Public Pensions
      • H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
      • H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
      • H79 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other
    • H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
      • H80 - Miscellaneous Issues: General
      • H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, Grants, Bailouts
      • H82 - Governmental Property
      • H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
      • H84 - Disaster Aid
      • H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
      • H89 - Miscellaneous Issues: Other
  • I - Health, Education, and Welfare
    • -
      • I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare: General
    • I1 - Health
      • I10 - Health: General
      • I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
      • I12 - Health Behavior
      • I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
      • I14 - Health and Inequality
      • I15 - Health and Economic Development
      • I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
      • I19 - Health: Other
    • I2 - Education and Research Institutions
      • I20 - Education and Research Institutions: General
      • I21 - Analysis of Education
      • I22 - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
      • I23 - Higher Education; Research Institutions
      • I24 - Education and Inequality
      • I25 - Education and Economic Development
      • I26 - Returns to Education
      • I28 - Education and Research Institutions: Government Policy
      • I29 - Education and Research Institutions: Other
    • I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
      • I30 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General
      • I31 - General Welfare; Well-Being
      • I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
      • I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
      • I39 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Other
  • J - Labor and Demographic Economics
    • -
      • J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics: General
      • J01 - Labor Economics: General
      • J08 - Labor Economics Policies
    • J1 - Demographic Economics
      • J10 - Demographic Economics: General
      • J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects and Forecasts
      • J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
      • J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
      • J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
      • J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
      • J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
      • J17 - Value of Life; Foregone Income
      • J18 - Demographic Economics: Public Policy
      • J19 - Demographic Economics: Other
    • J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
      • J20 - Demand and Supply of Labor: General
      • J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
      • J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
      • J23 - Labor Demand
      • J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
      • J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
      • J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
      • J29 - Demand and Supply of Labor: Other
    • J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
      • J30 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
      • J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
      • J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
      • J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
      • J38 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
      • J39 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other
    • J4 - Particular Labor Markets
      • J40 - Particular Labor Markets: General
      • J41 - Labor Contracts
      • J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
      • J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
      • J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
      • J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
      • J46 - Informal Labor Markets
      • J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
      • J48 - Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy
      • J49 - Particular Labor Markets: Other
    • J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
      • J50 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General
      • J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
      • J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
      • J53 - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
      • J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
      • J58 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy
      • J59 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
    • J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
      • J60 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: General
      • J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
      • J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
      • J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
      • J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
      • J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
      • J68 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: Public Policy
      • J69 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: Other
    • J7 - Labor Discrimination
      • J70 - Labor Discrimination: General
      • J71 - Discrimination
      • J78 - Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
      • J79 - Labor Discrimination: Other
    • J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
      • J80 - Labor Standards: National and International: General
      • J81 - Working Conditions
      • J82 - Labor Force Composition
      • J83 - Workers' Rights
      • J88 - Labor Standards: National and International: Public Policy
      • J89 - Labor Standards: National and International: Other
  • K - Law and Economics
    • -
      • K00 - Law and Economics: General
    • K1 - Basic Areas of Law
      • K10 - Basic Areas of Law: General
      • K11 - Property Law
      • K12 - Contract Law
      • K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics
      • K14 - Criminal Law
      • K15 - Civil Law; Common Law
      • K16 - Election Law
      • K19 - Basic Areas of Law: Other
    • K2 - Regulation and Business Law
      • K20 - Regulation and Business Law: General
      • K21 - Antitrust Law
      • K22 - Business and Securities Law
      • K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
      • K24 - Cyber Law
      • K25 - Real Estate Law
      • K29 - Regulation and Business Law: Other
    • K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
      • K30 - Other Substantive Areas of Law: General
      • K31 - Labor Law
      • K32 - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
      • K33 - International Law
      • K34 - Tax Law
      • K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
      • K36 - Family and Personal Law
      • K37 - Immigration Law
      • K38 - Human Rights Law; Gender Law
      • K39 - Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other
    • K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
      • K40 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General
      • K41 - Litigation Process
      • K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
      • K49 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other
  • L - Industrial Organization
    • -
      • L00 - Industrial Organization: General
    • L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
      • L10 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General
      • L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
      • L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
      • L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
      • L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
      • L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
      • L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
      • L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
      • L19 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other
    • L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
      • L20 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General
      • L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
      • L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
      • L23 - Organization of Production
      • L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology licensing
      • L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
      • L26 - Entrepreneurship
      • L29 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other
    • L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
      • L30 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General
      • L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; Nongovernmental organizations (NGO); Social Entrepreneurship
      • L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
      • L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
      • L38 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Public Policy
      • L39 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other
    • L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
      • L40 - Antitrust Issues and Policies: General
      • L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
      • L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
      • L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
      • L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
      • L49 - Antitrust Issues and Policies: Other
    • L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
      • L50 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: General
      • L51 - Economics of Regulation
      • L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
      • L53 - Enterprise Policy
      • L59 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other
    • L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
      • L60 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
      • L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
      • L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
      • L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
      • L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
      • L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
      • L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
      • L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
      • L68 - Appliances; Furnitures; Other Consumer Durables
      • L69 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other
    • L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
      • L70 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General
      • L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
      • L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
      • L73 - Forest Products
      • L74 - Construction
      • L78 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy
      • L79 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other
    • L8 - Industry Studies: Services
      • L80 - Industry Studies: Services: General
      • L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
      • L82 - Entertainment; Media
      • L83 - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
      • L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
      • L85 - Real Estate Services
      • L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
      • L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
      • L88 - Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy
      • L89 - Industry Studies: Services: Other
    • L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
      • L90 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General
      • L91 - Transportation: General
      • L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
      • L93 - Air Transportation
      • L94 - Electric Utilities
      • L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
      • L96 - Telecommunications
      • L97 - Utilities: General
      • L98 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: Government Policy
      • L99 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: Other
  • M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics
    • -
      • M00 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: General
    • M1 - Business Administration
      • M10 - Business Administration: General
      • M11 - Production Management
      • M12 - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation
      • M13 - New Firms; Startups
      • M14 - Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility
      • M15 - IT Management
      • M16 - International Business Administration
      • M19 - Business Administration: Other
    • M2 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: Business Economics
      • M20 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: General
      • M21 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: Business Economics
      • M29 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: Other
    • M3 - Marketing and Advertising
      • M30 - Marketing and Advertising: General
      • M31 - Marketing
      • M37 - Advertising
      • M38 - Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation
      • M39 - Marketing and Advertising: Other
    • M4 - Accounting and Auditing
      • M40 - Accounting and Auditing: General
      • M41 - Accounting
      • M42 - Auditing
      • M48 - Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation
      • M49 - Accounting and Auditing: Other
    • M5 - Personnel Economics
      • M50 - Personnel Economics: General
      • M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
      • M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
      • M53 - Training
      • M54 - Labor Management
      • M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
      • M59 - Personnel Economics: Other
  • N - Economic History
    • -
      • N00 - Economic History: General
      • N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
    • N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
      • N10 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative
      • N11 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N13 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N14 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: 1913-
      • N15 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East
      • N16 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania
    • N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
      • N20 - Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative
      • N21 - Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N22 - Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N23 - Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N24 - Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913-
      • N25 - Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East
      • N26 - Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N27 - Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania
    • N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy
      • N30 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative
      • N31 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N32 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N33 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N34 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: Europe: 1913-
      • N35 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: Asia including Middle East
      • N36 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N37 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion and Philanthropy: Africa; Oceania
    • N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
      • N40 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative
      • N41 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N42 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N43 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N44 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913-
      • N45 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East
      • N46 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N47 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania
    • N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
      • N50 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative
      • N51 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N52 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N53 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N54 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913-
      • N55 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East
      • N56 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N57 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa; Oceania
    • N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
      • N60 - Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative
      • N61 - Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N62 - Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N63 - Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N64 - Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913-
      • N65 - Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East
      • N66 - Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N67 - Manufacturing and Construction: Africa; Oceania
    • N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
      • N70 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative
      • N71 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N72 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N73 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N74 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913-
      • N75 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East
      • N76 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N77 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa; Oceania
    • N8 - Micro-Business History
      • N80 - Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative
      • N81 - Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N82 - Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N83 - Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N84 - Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913-
      • N85 - Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East
      • N86 - Micro-Business History: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N87 - Micro-Business History: Africa; Oceania
    • N9 - Regional and Urban History
      • N90 - Regional and Urban History: General, International, or Comparative
      • N91 - Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
      • N92 - Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
      • N93 - Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913
      • N94 - Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913-
      • N95 - Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East
      • N96 - Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean
      • N97 - Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania
  • O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth: Economic Development
      • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth: General
      • O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
      • O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
      • O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
      • O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
      • O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
      • O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
      • O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
      • O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
      • O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
    • O2 - Development Planning and Policy
      • O20 - Development Planning and Policy: General
      • O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
      • O22 - Project Analysis
      • O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
      • O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
      • O25 - Industrial Policy
      • O29 - Development Planning and Policy: Other
    • O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
      • O30 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General
      • O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
      • O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
      • O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
      • O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
      • O35 - Social Innovation
      • O36 - Open Innovation
      • O38 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: Government Policy
      • O39 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: Other
    • O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
      • O40 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General
      • O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
      • O42 - Monetary Growth Models
      • O43 - Institutions and Growth
      • O44 - Environment and Growth
      • O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
      • O49 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other
    • O5 - Economywide Country Studies
      • O50 - Economywide Country Studies: General
      • O51 - U.S.; Canada
      • O52 - Europe
      • O53 - Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East
      • O54 - Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean
      • O55 - Africa
      • O56 - Oceania
      • O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
  • P - Economic Systems
    • -
      • P00 - Economic Systems: General
    • P1 - Capitalist Systems
      • P10 - Capitalist Systems: General
      • P11 - Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
      • P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
      • P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
      • P14 - Property Rights
      • P16 - Political Economy
      • P17 - Capitalist Systems: Performance and Prospects
      • P18 - Energy; Environment
      • P19 - Capitalist Systems: Other
    • P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
      • P20 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General
      • P21 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
      • P22 - Prices
      • P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
      • P24 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
      • P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
      • P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
      • P27 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects
      • P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
      • P29 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Other
    • P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
      • P30 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General
      • P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
      • P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
      • P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid
      • P34 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics
      • P35 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics
      • P36 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
      • P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
      • P39 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other
    • P4 - Other Economic Systems
      • P40 - Other Economic Systems: General
      • P41 - Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
      • P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
      • P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
      • P44 - Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
      • P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
      • P46 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
      • P47 - Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects
      • P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
      • P49 - Other Economic Systems: Other
    • P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
      • P50 - Comparative Economic Systems: General
      • P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
      • P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
      • P59 - Comparative Economic Systems: Other
  • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
    • -
      • Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General
      • Q01 - Sustainable Development
      • Q02 - Commodity Markets
    • Q1 - Agriculture
      • Q10 - Agriculture: General
      • Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
      • Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
      • Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
      • Q14 - Agricultural Finance
      • Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
      • Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services
      • Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
      • Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
      • Q19 - Agriculture: Other
    • Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
      • Q20 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: General
      • Q21 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices
      • Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
      • Q23 - Forestry
      • Q24 - Land
      • Q25 - Water
      • Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
      • Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
      • Q28 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
      • Q29 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other
    • Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
      • Q30 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General
      • Q31 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices
      • Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
      • Q33 - Resource Booms
      • Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
      • Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
      • Q37 - Issues in International Trade
      • Q38 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
      • Q39 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other
    • Q4 - Energy
      • Q40 - Energy: General
      • Q41 - Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices
      • Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
      • Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
      • Q47 - Energy Forecasting
      • Q48 - Energy: Government Policy
      • Q49 - Energy: Other
    • Q5 - Environmental Economics
      • Q50 - Environmental Economics: General
      • Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
      • Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
      • Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste Recycling
      • Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming
      • Q55 - Technological Innovation
      • Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
      • Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
      • Q58 - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
      • Q59 - Environmental Economics: Other
  • R - Urban, Rural, and Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
    • -
      • R00 - Urban, Rural, and Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: General
    • R1 - General Regional Economics
      • R10 - General Regional Economics: General
      • R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
      • R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
      • R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
      • R14 - Land Use Patterns
      • R15 - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models
      • R19 - General Regional Economics: Other
    • R2 - Household Analysis
      • R20 - Household Analysis: General
      • R21 - Housing Demand
      • R22 - Other Demand
      • R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
      • R28 - Household Analysis: Government Policy
      • R29 - Household Analysis: Other
    • R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location
      • R30 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General
      • R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
      • R32 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis
      • R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
      • R38 - Government Policies
      • R39 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: Other
    • R4 - Transportation Economics
      • R40 - Transportation Economics: General
      • R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
      • R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning
      • R48 - Government Pricing and Policy
      • R49 - Transportation Economics: Other
    • R5 - Regional Government Analysis
      • R50 - Regional Government Analysis: General
      • R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
      • R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
      • R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
      • R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
      • R59 - Regional Government Analysis: Other
  • Y - Miscellaneous Categories
    • Y1 - Miscellaneous Categories: Data: Tables and Charts
      • Y10 - Miscellaneous Categories: Data: Tables and Charts
    • Y2 - Miscellaneous Categories: Introductory Material
      • Y20 - Miscellaneous Categories: Introductory Material
    • Y3 - Miscellaneous Categories: Book Reviews (unclassified)
      • Y30 - Miscellaneous Categories: Book Reviews (unclassified)
    • Y4 - Miscellaneous Categories: Dissertations (unclassified)
      • Y40 - Miscellaneous Categories: Dissertations (unclassified)
    • Y5 - Miscellaneous Categories: Further Reading (unclassified)
      • Y50 - Miscellaneous Categories: Further Reading (unclassified)
    • Y6 - Miscellaneous Categories: Excerpts
      • Y60 - Miscellaneous Categories: Excerpts
    • Y7 - Miscellaneous Categories: No Author General Discussions
      • Y70 - Miscellaneous Categories: No Author General Discussions
    • Y8 - Miscellaneous Categories: Related Disciplines
      • Y80 - Miscellaneous Categories: Related Disciplines
    • Y9 - Miscellaneous Categories: Other
      • Y90 - Miscellaneous Categories: Other
      • Y91 - Pictures and Maps
      • Y92 - Novels, Self-Help Books, etc.
  • Z - Other Special Topics
    • -
      • Z00 - Other Special Topics: General
    • Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Antropology
      • Z10 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Antropology: General
      • Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
      • Z12 - Religion
      • Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
      • Z18 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Antropology: Public Policy
      • Z19 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Antropology: Other
    • Z2 - Sports Economics
      • Z20 - Sports Economics: General
      • Z21 - Sports Economics: Industry Studies
      • Z22 - Labor Issues
      • Z23 - Sports Economics: Finance
      • Z28 - Sports Economics: Policy
      • Z29 - Sports Economics: Other
    • Z3 - Tourism Economics
      • Z30 - Tourism Economics: General
      • Z31 - Tourism Economics: Industry Studies
      • Z32 - Tourism and Development
      • Z33 - Marketing and Finance
      • Z38 - Tourism Economics: Policy
      • Z39 - Tourism Economics: Other

Statement by AEA: "The JEL classification system may be used freely for scholarly purposes." (Journal for Economic Literature, vol. 47, no. 2, June 2009, p. 635 ff) The translation is licensed by André Davids (KU Leuven) under CC-by-sa (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).

ZBW, 2021-03-17 16:42:12   (Imprint)

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